Tag: #BLOOD

INTRODUCTION BLOOD Blood is specialized connective tissue which circulates in closed system blood vessels. Blood temperature-38°C Blood pH-7.4 (Slightly alkaline) Blood makes up 6–8% of our total body weight i.e.5600 ml in adult man. Normal adult blood volume is 5 L. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD Blood is responsible for….. Transporting gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) Transporting waste products Transporting nutrients, hormones, vitamins Helping remove toxins from the body Transports metabolites Regulation of pH Regulate water balance Maintain acid-base balanceMaintenance of body temperature Protection against infection (foreign substances) Clot formation HEMOPOIESIS Hemopoiesis is the process of development of the blood cells (WBCs, RBCs, Platelets) in bone marrow. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD Blood Plasma- the normal plasma volume is about 8 % of body weight. it is made up of 3 Basic components - Water, Dissolved organic & inorganic component Electrolytes GasesNutrientsWaste productsSodium Ions, Potassium Ions, Calcium Ions, Magnesium Ions, Chloride Ions, Bicarbonate Ions, Phosphate Ions.Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen.Glucose, Carbohydrate, Amino Acids, Lipids, Cholesterol, Vitamins, Trace Elements.Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine, Bilirubin. 3. plasma protein Albumins (54%)Globulins (38%)Fibrinogen (7%)Immunoglobulins (1%)Buffer actionBlood clottingProtective (Antibodies) RED BLOOD CELL (ERYTHROCYTE ) StructureBiconcave disc likeComponentsHemoglobin, lipids, ATP, Carbonic AnhydraseFunctionTransport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungsLife spanAbout 120 days Hemoglobin (iron protein)is found in the RBCProductionFormed in the bone marrow HAEMOGLOBIN Hemoglobin (Haeme-Non protein part & Globin- Protein part) 4 globin molecules: Transport carbon dioxide (carbonic anhydrase involved), nitric oxide Nitric oxide (NO) binds to hemoglobin Releases NO causing vasodilation to improve blood flow and oxygen delivery 4 heme molecules: Transport oxygen ---Iron is required for oxygen transport. Each RBCs contain---280 million Hb molecules. Molecular weight of Hb is about 68,000 The iron content of haem imparts Red color to Hb (RBCs) WHITE BLOOD CELL StructureLargest sized blood cellsComponentsContain nuclei with DNA,Function-Protect body against microorganisms and remove dead cells and debris -Primary cells of the immune system -Fights disease and foreign invadersProductionFormed in the bone marrow and some in lymph glandsLife spanis from 24 hours to several yearsSizeis 8-20 micrometers in diameter PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) ProductionFormed in the bone marrowStructureSmallest of the blood cellsSize1-4 micrometers in diameterShaperound, oval, or appear spikyLife spanaround 8-12 daysFunctionsInvolved in the clotting process Seal wounds and prevent blood loss Helps repair damaged vesselsPlatelets stain bluish with reddish or purple granules

Tag: #BLOOD

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